Did X Remove Bookmarks? What Changed and Where They Went
Bookmarks were never removed. They moved into the menu under your profile icon, which is why half of X thinks they are gone. Where they live now, and what actually breaks in them.

No. X did not remove bookmarks. The button moved somewhere your thumb does not go by default, and that is why "did X remove bookmarks" gets typed thousands of times a week by people whose saved posts are sitting exactly where they left them.
Where bookmarks actually live on X now
The flow X documents in its own help pages has not changed much, but nothing about it is visible on the first screen of the app. Here is the whole thing, in the order you will need it.
Two facts from X's own help page on bookmarks settle most of the panic on their own.
Bookmarks are private. Nobody sees what you saved, the author is not notified, and there is no public count attached to your account. If you were worried a bookmark leaked, it did not.
Bookmarks are not Lists. Lists gather posts from accounts you add, and a list can be found and followed from outside. Bookmarks gather individual posts for you alone. People who go looking for their saves inside Lists find an empty shelf and conclude the feature was removed.
One honest caveat about folders: X's help documents saving, viewing, removing and clearing. It does not document bookmark folders. If you do not see any way to file bookmarks into groups, that is normal, and it is not worth building a plan around a control that may not be there for your account.
Why it feels like they were taken away
In rough order of how often each one turns out to be the answer.
The button lives in the profile menu. On a phone, the bookmarks entry is two taps deep, behind an avatar most people tap only to switch accounts. Nothing on the home timeline points at it. Features that are invisible feel deleted.
You are in the wrong account. Bookmarks are tied to the account that saved them. If you run a personal handle and a work handle, or if the app quietly reopened on the other profile after an update, the list will look wiped. Switch accounts and check before you do anything else.
You are in a client that does something different. Third-party apps, the mobile web version and the desktop site do not all expose the same set of buttons. A post you saved in the official app is still saved, even if the client you happen to be using today has no visible way to show you the list.
The list is long and reverse chronological. Bookmarks are stacked newest first with no date headers to orient you. Something you saved fourteen months ago sits under thousands of items, and scrolling gives up before you do. Not finding a post is not the same as the post being gone, but it feels identical.
What genuinely breaks, even when bookmarks are fine
Bookmarks point at posts. They do not hold copies. That distinction is where the real losses happen.
If the author deletes the post, your bookmark becomes a blank slot. If the account is deactivated, suspended or switched to protected, the same thing happens, and there is nothing in the app to recover it with. Threads are hit hardest: you bookmarked the first post of a long explainer, the author tidied up their timeline, and now you have a gap with no title to even remind you what it was about.
Then there is depth. Because the list is strictly reverse chronological, the value of a bookmark drops the week after you make it. Saving is an action that takes half a second. Retrieving is an action nobody has budgeted for.
What to actually do about it
Write down why you saved it. The link plus one line, in whatever you already use. "Radiator sizing rule for small rooms" beats a bare URL every time, because in four months you will search for the idea, not the author. This one habit is the difference between a bookmark list and an archive.
Clear in small batches. Ten minutes, the oldest twenty items, once a week. Whole-afternoon bookmark cleanups fail for the same reason inbox-zero weekends fail: the pile is emotionally heavy and you stop halfway.
Decide at save time. Two categories are enough. This is for today, or this is for later. Today items get read before you close the app. Later items get the one-line note and go somewhere that is not X.
One thing not to do: do not hand your X login to a service that offers to export your bookmarks for you. It is not worth the account.
Where a second copy helps
The part of a bookmark you care about is usually not the post, it is the thing the post told you. That part can live somewhere you control. dEssence is one option for this: you save the post or thread yourself from the browser extension or the Telegram bot, add the sentence you would say to a friend about it, and later ask for it in those words instead of scrolling a date-ordered list. The free plan is $0 forever with 20 saves a day and no card; Pro is $10 a month with 150 saves a day if the habit sticks.
It is worth being plain about the limits. Saving a copy today does nothing for a post that was deleted last year, and nothing outside X can restore what X removed. What it does is make the next save survive the author's decisions.
If your bookmarks still look empty
Check, in this order: which account you are signed into, whether you are in Lists rather than Bookmarks, whether the client you are using shows the entry at all, and finally whether you have accidentally used the clear-all control at the top of the timeline. Four checks, about a minute. In practice the answer is one of the first two nearly every time, and the posts you were sure had vanished are still sitting there under your profile picture.